The Subjectivity Of Experience Can Be Accounted For...

In this paper, I will discuss whether the subjectivity of experience can be accounted for adequately with a functionalist theory. By defining mental contents in terms of their causal roles, phenomenological experience is no longer confined to a private realm, but can be specified by counterfactual statements that are intelligible to others. In this paper, I argue that the subjectivity of experience cannot be completely characterized by language with a functionalist theory by examining the meanings of language and the contents of mental states. I conclude that a functionalist theory can only provide an approximate sketch of the major features of subjective experience while leaving subtle details out of the picture. Functionalism is a view†¦show more content†¦Hence, phenomenological mental states can also be specified by its causal role and thus become public. In this way, with functionalism, mental states are defined by their causal roles, which leaves no trace of introspectivist residue. However, in more complicated cases, my mental states can be affected by more than one factors, which eventually causes a mere disposition in me to certain actions rather than performing that action. If severe pain makes me want to scream, yet I believe that screaming in public is inappropriate, I will endure the discomfort and act like a normal person. In this case, although my mental state of being in pain is private, it is not essentially private, and can be made public by language. I can hide my misery; nonetheless, the moment when I say â€Å"I am in pain,† my mental state becomes public, because the meaning of pain is shared by others. Hence, with a functionalist theory of mental content and the usage of language, the subjectivity of personal experience can be disclosed. It must be granted that meanings of terms are a public property; otherwise, communication will become an impossible project. However, whether the subjectivity of personal experience can be fully accounted for remains questionable. The meaning of a word is defined by its sense and reference jointly. The object to which a word refers determines what it essentially signifies, while the way that the word represents the object determines how it will be used in

Bureaucracy Bureaucracy And Bureaucracy Essay - 1320 Words

Bureaucracy role in everyday business People working together in compatible ways by defining everyone’s roles within a hierarchy organizations is a definition of bureaucracy. In examination of bureaucracy the author will find the definition, the advantages and disadvantages and will use the Police Departments in America as an example of bureaucracy and will display its characteristics of bureaucracy. It can be argued that there’s more disadvantages then advantage to using bureaucracy. Research indicates that bureaucracy can lead to powerless, unsatisfied and unhappy employees. Research indicated that bureaucracy is a way of directorially establishing big numbers of people who need to work together. Organizations in the public and private sector, including universities and governments, rely on bureaucracies to function. The term bureaucracy literally means â€Å"rule by desks or offices,† a definition that highlights the often-impersonal character of bureaucracies. Even though bureaucracies som etimes seem inefficient or uneconomical, setting up a bureaucracy helps ensure that thousands of people work together in likeminded ways by defining everyone’s roles within a hierarchy. Government bureaucrats perform a large variety of tasks. We often think of bureaucrats as paper-pushing desk clerks, but bureaucrats teach, and monitor how federal candidates raise money, among other activities. The job of a bureaucrat is to apply government policy, to take the laws and decisionsShow MoreRelatedBureaucracy And Bureaucracies1714 Words   |  7 Pages1) Bureaucracy exists to organize states and keep them working as efficiently as possible. Max Weber claims that bureaucracies are the most efficient form of organization due to control, hierarchy, and predictability. Bureaucracies are created to give authority and power over others, specialize in certain tasks, and restrict individuals through regulations and laws. However, as Kettl makes it clear that this organization is not eas y to maintain. According to Kettl, it is important to for citizensRead MoreBureaucracy1409 Words   |  6 PagesABSTRACT Bureaucracy is all about the rules and regulations to manage a particular activity in the organization. This paper is about how bureaucracy used in old organizations and how it affected the processes of new organizations. It explains how bureaucracy is not applicable in today’s business environment because of many facts. As years went through there was a drastic change in the operations of the organisation. The concern moved from organization to customer service, so the bureaucratic organizationsRead MoreWeber s Bureaucracy And The Bureaucracy1008 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to Weber all bureaucracies must have a clear chain of command. This means that there must be an understanding amongst the workers that there is a chain of appeal that they must go through within a bureaucracy to file a grievance or make a suggestion. Within a bureaucracy the areas of jurisdiction are delaminated, meaning that an agency only has authority over the agency they are managing. The institu tion also has power over not only the citizens and officials, but they also own the workersRead MoreBureaucracy Is An Efficient System Bureaucracy1715 Words   |  7 Pagesonce said This passion for bureaucracy ... is enough to drive one to despair. It s as if in politics...we were deliberately to become men who need order and nothing but order (www.goodreads.com). Max Weber brings attention to the consequences of bureaucracy. Although bureaucracy is an efficient system that allows maximum production to occur, bureaucracy has resulted in the loss of individualism and is particularly undemocratic. In public administration, bureaucracy plays a major role in howRead MoreThe Bureaucracy Of The United States Bureaucracy1594 Words   |  7 PagesPA can be seen as a as a dense twist of organizations and branches of government which need to relate to each other in order to serve the public needs of the society. Bureaucracy, as a result, is the internal engine of each public branch of go vernment which coordinate and organize through rules and in a hierarchical way, all the administrators, as to provide an efficient system which is able to satisfy all the public demand of goods and services. However, most of the time it is subject to ridiculeRead MoreFederal Bureaucracy849 Words   |  4 PagesFederal Bureaucracy – to what Extent does the President have Control of it? When the framers of the Constitution developed our government, they gave Congress the authority to create the departments necessary to carry out the day-to-day responsibilities of governing - the federal bureaucracy. 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Woll views the bureaucracy as the center of governmental power because agencies exercise legislative, judicial, and executive functions, and because of how strongly administration and politics are intertwined. Woll argues that contrary to popular thought, the President and Congress have infrequent control over the administrative process. Agencies make definite decisions that carry out vague policy initiated in Congress or by the President. Agencies also offer expert advice and are receptive toRead MoreEssay on Bureaucracy416 Words   |  2 PagesBureaucracy The word â€Å"bureaucracy† has a negative connotation to many people. The fact is that our current system of government would not be able to survive without bureaucracies. The bureaucracy has become the â€Å"fourth branch† of the government, it has quasi-legislative and judicial powers and in it’s own field its authority is rarely challenged. The presence of these large, inefficient structures is necessary if the American people want to continue receiving the benefits that they expectRead MoreThe Classic Conception Of A Bureaucracy851 Words   |  4 PagesA bureaucracy is defined as the complex structure of offices, tasks, rules, and principles of organization that are employed by all large-scale institutions to coordinate effectively the work of their personnel. The classic conception of a bureaucracy was advanced by Max Weber, a German sociologist, who argued that the bureaucracy was a â€Å"rational† way for a modern society to conduct business. As Americans, we rely heavily on the structure and function of bureaucracies. From the most mundane to ornate

The Chocolate War Lucifer Effect Essay Example For Students

The Chocolate War Lucifer Effect Essay 1.Robert Cormier wrote The Chocolate War. The copyright of the book is 1974. 2.In the exposition of The Chocolate War, Jerry Renault, the freshman quarterback, was receiving constant blows from opposing players. Jerry was trying to get the ball to his receiver, the Goober, but not having any luck. In The Chocolate War, the rising action was the majority of the story. At Trinity High School, the school that Jerry attends, there is a group of elite students called the Vigils. The Vigils give out assignments to random students at Trinity. Archie, the head, told the Goober that his assignment was to unscrew every screw in Room nineteen. The Goober spent several hours doing his assignment, and eventually finished with the assistance of a few Vigil members. As the story goes on, the reader learns that every year at Trinity, there is a chocolate sale run by the assistant head master, Brother Leon. The last major detail in the rising action was when Archie informed Jerry of his assignment, Jerrys assignment was not to sell chocolates for the first ten days of the annual chocolate sale. The climax of the novel was on the eleventh day of the chocolate sale when Jerry was supposed to start selling the chocolates but he didnt. As a result of Jerry not selling any chocolates, the other students sales began to plummet during the falling action of the story. Brother Leon began to feel nervous and had to go to Archie and the Vigils for help. Incredibly, the Vigils turned the whole school against Jerry and made selling chocolates the cool thing. Students began to look down upon Jerry for not conforming to the chocolate sale tradition. Someone even vandalized Jerrys locker and cut up his gym sneakers. A group of boys, including Emile Janza, one of the biggest bullies at Trinity, jumped Jerry after football practice and abused Jerrys body with their fists and football cleats. The Chocolate War didnt have a happy ending, but there was a resolution in the story. Archie set up a boxing match, of all things, between Jerry Renault and Emile Janza. Emile ended up beating Jerry to a bloody pulp in a matter of minutes, while Jerry landed only three punches the entire match. As a result Jerry finally learned that he couldnt beat the system, and that hed be better off doing what his authorities instructed him to do. 3.The main conflict of The Chocolate War comes from Jerry Renault wanting to be different. The conflict involves Jerry, who doesnt want to sell the chocolates, and Brother Leon and Archie who want him to sell the chocolates. I would consider this conflict to be external human conflict. 4.The story doesnt actually state a certain time period in which the story takes place, but Id say the story takes place in the late seventies or the early eighties. Most of the story takes place at Trinity High School in a town that the author doesnt reveal. 5.Jerry Renault, the protagonist in The Chocolate War, is a brave and caring young man. He proved himself to be brave by standing up to the vigils like no other student had, and agreeing to be in the boxing bout knowing his chances of winning were slim to none. Jerry always felt sorry for his dad whose wife had died, and he always was trying to cheer up his best friend, the Goober, who had a low self-esteem. Both of these acts make Jerry a character with whom the reader empathizes. 6.The main antagonist was Archie Castello. Archie is a cold-hearted selfish individual. By forcing students to do the assignments that they didnt want to do and making the Goober cry, Archie proved himself to be very cold-hearted. Archie using Emile in the boxing match so he didnt have to get beat up and taking all the credit for the chocolate sales proved Archie to be quite selfish. 7.Jerry agreed to fight in a boxing match knowing that he didnt have much of a chance because he didnt want to be like a coward and he didnt like getting pushed around. 8.The Chocolate War was told from about a dozen characters points of view. This point of view would be third person omniscient. Had the author chosen to tell the story from just one point of view, I wouldnt have been aware of so many details only made available through a third person omniscient point of view. .u7c92273f667e57622a58dbecbc855061 , .u7c92273f667e57622a58dbecbc855061 .postImageUrl , .u7c92273f667e57622a58dbecbc855061 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7c92273f667e57622a58dbecbc855061 , .u7c92273f667e57622a58dbecbc855061:hover , .u7c92273f667e57622a58dbecbc855061:visited , .u7c92273f667e57622a58dbecbc855061:active { border:0!important; } .u7c92273f667e57622a58dbecbc855061 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7c92273f667e57622a58dbecbc855061 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7c92273f667e57622a58dbecbc855061:active , .u7c92273f667e57622a58dbecbc855061:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7c92273f667e57622a58dbecbc855061 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7c92273f667e57622a58dbecbc855061 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7c92273f667e57622a58dbecbc855061 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7c92273f667e57622a58dbecbc855061 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7c92273f667e57622a58dbecbc855061:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7c92273f667e57622a58dbecbc855061 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7c92273f667e57622a58dbecbc855061 .u7c92273f667e57622a58dbecbc855061-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7c92273f667e57622a58dbecbc855061:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Mentor's Last Words Essay9.The mood of The Chocolate War is sorrow. The author makes the reader feel sorry for Jerry when he gets beat up on two occasions. Neither time was for a very good reason. I felt sorry for the Goober when he was crying after receiving his assignment. 10. The theme of The Chocolate War was, dont mess with the authorities. Jerry tried to stand up to Leon, Archie, and the Vigils by not selling chocolates. He was successful for a few days, but he couldnt hold his own when it came to battling his authorities in the chocolate war. 11.I did enjoy The Chocolate War because its main character was a freshman boy just like I am. I didnt understand why the leaders of Trinity High School allowed the Vigils to exist. Some of the content of the book was a little graphic for a high school level when the author used several sexual terms. My favorite character in The Chocolate War was Jerry because he stood up for what he believed in. Even after he was beaten up, he still refused to sell the chocolates. I thought the title was fitting to the story because there really was a chocolate war.

Macbeth, Lady Macbeths Character Change Throughout the Play. free essay sample

Macbeth is a play written by the famous playwright, William Shakespeare in 1606. This play was set in Scotland and features a variety of characters and themes. Shakespeare’s Macbeth illustrates two ordinary nobles whose lives are linked in a spiral of power and greed. Lady Macbeth’s character changes throughout the play. This essay will show her changes seen during the play. We are introduced to Lady Macbeth when she receives a letter from her husband, Macbeth.The letter includes the meeting with 3 witches when he was on his way back to castle Foress. The witches greet Macbeth by his current title, Thane of Glamis, they then make two prophecies. The first prophecy is that his new title will be the Thane of Cawdor and the second is that he will become king. Soon after they meet, he is given the new title Thane of Cawdor. Lady Macbeth decides that she will do everything in her power to make him king. We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth, Lady Macbeths Character Change Throughout the Play. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Lady Macbeth becomes extremely irrational from the beginning of the play to the end.She pictures herself as a ruthlessness person and believes she can handle the evil that comes along with murder and deception. At the beginning of the play Lady Macbeth is seen as a dominant, controlling, heartless wife with an obsession to become royalty for her and her husband. Although she is supposed to be ruthless, her husband sees her as a good person that knows what is right. Even here we begin to see that Lady Macbeth has a very unstable mind. She knows that Macbeth is a strong person and she must be stronger to convince him to go along with her. She pretends to be a determined and odd character which distances her and Macbeth from each other. At the beginning of the play Lady Macbeth believes Macbeth doesn’t have the â€Å"spirit† to â€Å"catch the nearest way†. Lady Macbeth intentionally tries to ignore the consequences of her deeds and instead plots to make sure Macbeth is the future king of Scotland. King Duncan decides to make a surprise appearance at Macbeth house; they then plot to murder him.Lady Macbeth tells her husband to put the plan in motion, this shows her change in technique from being persuasive to being more intimidating and almost blackmailing Macbeth. The drive she had that made Macbeth do what she felt needed to be done is growing weaker. By the end of the play Lady Macbeth has lost self confidence by realising that most of the situation is her fault because she was so obsessed with power and greed. When Lady Macbeth starts to really feel guilty, everything collapses, including her husband. She then goes completely crazy and starts leepwalking. During her sleepwalking scene she shows remorse for the people she has hurt as she â€Å"takes on to her own soul† the blame of all the murders committed, even the ones she had nothing to do with. In conclusion, Lady Macbeth’s character slowly falls apart because of the fact that her strength is a lie, she tries to control her husband and she is involved in supernatural powers. Her want for an intimidating personality ended in her morals being destroyed. She is therefore seen as a fiend and I agree with this finding.