Educational Psychology Questions And Answers Essays -

Instructive Psychology: Questions And Answers In the wake of perusing an article on Jerry Garcia of the Grateful Dead in a ?Rolling Stone? magazine, these are two instances of inquiries that I would pose to my understudies on a test (in a various decision design.) These inquiries are additionally illustrative of two distinct degrees of Bloom's scientific classification. 1) As an individual from the Grateful Dead, what was Jerry Garcia's just radio, announcement hit single? a) Throwing Stones b) Touch of Gray c) Built to Last d) Franklin's Tower Right answer: b. Contact of Gray. 2) In sequential request, distinguish which answer speaks to the movement of console players (musicians) that Jerry Garcia played with in the Grateful Dead? a) Brent Midland, Pigpen, Vince Wellnick, Keith Godchaux b) Pigpen, Keith Godchaux, Brent Midland, Vince Wellnick c) Keith Godchaux, Brent Midland, Vince Wellnick, Pigpen e) Vince Wellnick, Pigpen, Keith Godchaux, Brent Midland Right answer: b I feel that these are genuine instances of different decision questions since they do exclude from the appropriate response area decisions, for example, ?nothing unless there are other options,? or on the other hand ?the entirety of the abovementioned.? It assists with discarding decisions like these in light of the fact that these answers don't contribute in estimating understudies' dominance of the subject or in showing unlearned material. These inquiries both have unfair force, permitting me to see who has aced the material and who hasn't. The distracters that I chose for these inquiries are the key fixings that assist me with seeing who has aced the subject. The distracters are not evident wrong answers, they are decisions that make the understudies think, which at last raises the psychological degree of the test past that of just remembrance and review. I accept that my inquiries are clear and effortlessly comprehended. They ought not make the understudy pointlessly use vitality in making sense of precisely what the inquiry is posing. Likewise trying to make the inquiry as clear as conceivable I kept away from the utilization of language and other convoluted terms. I just utilized words that would be basic to their jargon. I likewise abstained from utilizing negative test words, for example, ?not? what's more, ?never.? By doing this I made my inquiries more obvious. I likewise made an effort not to make the correct answer excessively evident in contrast with my distracters. The exact opposite thing that I improved was to maintain a strategic distance from repetition by composing and re-composing the inquiries. Paper questions are invaluable in light of the fact that dissimilar to numerous decision addresses they can gauge what the understudies know and have aced. They take into account understudies to communicate, recorded as a hard copy, what they do think about the material for which they are being considered responsible. The second preferred position of the paper test is that they permit understudies to clarify why the material is critical to them (this is disguise of data.) Essay questions advance more elevated levels of reasoning and they additionally permit the understudies to take advantage of their innovative energies. Paper questions do have their hindrances like educator evaluating predisposition issues. It is a lot harder to review a free-progression of thought, communicated on paper then it is to review a scantron test. The exposition questions must be thoroughly considered so your understudies don't go off to some far away place based on what is truly being inquired. In the 90's more than 70% of tests were in numerous decision design. The different decision position permits the instructor to cover a lot of data with less mystery then that of valid/bogus or fill-in-the-clear testing groups. Numerous decision questions are a decent method to gauge an understudies level of judgment, while valid/bogus decrease answers to right/wrong choices. Various decision questions bring out differentiations between what is acceptable, what is ideal and what is wrong. Another significant bit of leeway in utilizing various decision questions is their capacity to segregate. Numerous decision addresses enable you to reveal to you which understudies have aced the material and which have not. This capacity is otherwise called oppressive force. A few educators incline toward numerous decision tests since they imagine that the target quality in the test evacuates the potential for evaluating predisposition. A few instructors will likewise support numerous decision tests since they believe that understudies will be less inclined to challenge their evaluation. One increasingly evident however vital preferred position to numerous decision testing is that they are effectively and immediately reviewed. Instructive therapists contend that one of the significant impediments of different decision testing is that they test understudies on

Political Philosophy Essay

Stylist (1999) alludes to solid majority rules system as one of the fair reactions to contemporary political condition. The creator unmistakably recognizes the solid vote based sort from unitary vote based system, pluralist majority rules system, definitive, and juridical vote based system. Every one of these kinds of popular government are optimistic, and are never applied to genuine political conditions in their unadulterated structures, yet they speak to the five unique dreams of the just request which merit consideration and ought to be unbiasedly looked into. Hairdresser (1999) characterizes definitive majority rule government in concentrated official terms. Definitive majority rule government practices the standards of differential populace; albeit legitimate vote based system is completely responsible to the vote based network which chooses it, this kind of just request depends on the greatness of elites (Barber, 1999). The two significant inadequacies are normal for definitive vote based system: first, it tends towards authority; second, it will in general disguise its political portrayal under the front of political astuteness. Accordingly, people chance confounding the political ideals with the political greatness (Barber, 1999). Juridical popular government depends on the standards of ensuring human rights. Intervention and mediation are the fundamental preconditions of juridical vote based system (Barber, 1999). In juridical majority rule government, the guideline of differential populace is communicated through over the top dependence on courts, which resolve and intervene policy driven issues and significantly limit the intensity of the law based government. Hair stylist (1999) composes that â€Å"juridical vote based system is inadequate in light of the fact that it sabotages the authoritative process†. The creator is certain that juridical popular government at first twists the thoughts of the regular right and the higher law, utilizing them as the mask for political reintroduction and portrayal (Barber, 1999). Pluralist majority rule government is the best popularity based type of all Barber portrays in his work. Pluralist vote based system depends on the standard of the implicit understanding which free political markets use during the time spent political trade (Barber, 1999). In differentiation from the two past types of majority rule government, the pluralist structure depends on dynamic (not differential) populace. All contentions and issues are parleyed with the assistance of bartering wherein free equivalent people are included. The pluralist majority rule government is lacking in light of the fact that the intensity of the implicit agreement and bartering is extremely feeble. In Barber’s (1999) see, pluralist majority rules system is excessively honest, and can't prompt development of any open reasoning. Unitary popular government could at first become the political portrayal of certain standard as the focal component of law based request. Albeit unitary popular government advances the consistent character of political choices, it will in general subvert the standards of individual self-governance. The job of populace in unitary vote based system is obscure (Barber, 1999). The issue is in that the solidarity of political thought necessitates that people converge with the remainder of the political network. Therefore, they hazard losing their political singularity, and advance aggregate political reasoning. Unitary popular government can't encourage self-acknowledgment; in enormous structures, unitary majority rules system verges on compulsion and malice (Barber, 1999). In numerous perspectives, unitary popular government is equal to â€Å"conformist† kind of political request, which blends oppression in with dread and perspectives network accord through the crystal of collectivity and aggregate political interests. Hair stylist (1999) is certain that solid majority rules system is the political request of things to come. The creator sees this sort of popularity based request as a network which will never be collectivistic, and which is the most good with the contemporary society. The center of solid majority rules system is simply the legislature, wherein residents administer themselves (Barber, 1999). The compromise depends on self-enactment, and the making of the political network. The referenced political network is the key component of solid majority rules system, and it is the important condition for changing the political clashes into the helpful epistemological devices of open reasoning (Barber, 1999). At the same time, Barber neglects to characterize the standards for the creation and presence of the as of now referenced political network. On the off chance that solid majority rule network exists to change political clashes or execute political choices (Barber, 1999), it is muddled whether this network will keep its past structure when it accomplishes its political objectives. One can’t however concur with Barber (1999) in that in solid popular government network is perpetually connected to the thought of citizenship, yet there are striking differences between the ideas of network and support. Albeit solid vote based system claims striking the misbalance among investment and network, it doesn't offer any dependable models for accomplishing the popularity based universe of the normal finishes, in which struggle serves the argumentative methods for transforming the majority into the equitable citizenship. End Strong majority rules system is seen by Barber (1999) as the best and the most practical sort of popularity based request. Hair stylist (1999) underlines the insufficiencies which definitive, juridical, unitary, and pluralist vote based systems show. At the same time, Barber (1999) neglects to give the measures to making and supporting the solid vote based network and cooperation. The connection among network and support remains misbalanced, and solid vote based system will scarcely strike it.

Professorial Help

Professorial Help While we continue working 7 days a week toward selecting the Class of 2010, Id like to take an opportunity to thank the many awesome faculty members who have helped out with selection this year, including Alex Slocum, Steve Graves, Daniel Hastings, and Paul Gray. Each year, many brilliant professors assist in choosing the class. In previous years, these faculty members have included Wolfgang Ketterle, Patrick Henry Winston and Don Sadoway. Speaking of Professor Sadoway, there was a nice article about him in the Boston Globe a week ago. Check it out: Sadoway, a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, works to make metal smelters environmentally benign. He invents materials and batteries that will help the world transition from a fossil-fuel-powered world to an electrochemical world where energy will be produced and stored cleanly. He tries to incorporate ethics into engineering. People are beginning to realize that climate change is the number one problem facing humanity, and I want to be in the cadre of engineers and scientists who come up with solutions, he said. His latest attempt to help people through science lies on a table in his office: a thin blue square that produces about as much energy as a quadruple-A battery, but has the look and feel of a potato chip bag folded in half. The sLimcell as Sadoway calls the flimsy battery, is basically made of thin foils a radical departure from traditional batteries, which are typically heavy and filled with liquids. One day, powerful but lightweight batteries like the sLimcell prototype will set people free of power outlets and the gas pump, powering everything from laptops to electric cars, Sadoway said. That, in turn, will allow environmentalism to move forward. Electric cars will no longer be limited by heavy batteries with brief lives, and a green choice wont mean a sacrifice. You can read more articles about how MIT is trying to improve the environment at Environment in depth.

Conjugating the French Verb Conduire (to Drive)

The Visual And Performance Arts Of Europe - 1367 Words

Welcome, to my traveler’s guide to the performing and visual arts. In this guide, you will explore first hand, the visual and performance arts of Europe. First, we will look at performance arts of Europe which, date back to early 534 B.C. when Thespis won the first public contest for tragic poets in Greece. The term â€Å"thespian† derives from Thespis’s name. In addition, Thespis also introduced performance masks, which would soon become a staple of Greek and Roman Theater. Let’s fast forward quite a ways, to 1576, where the first commercial theater is opened in London, England, becoming the first Elizabeth playhouse in the world. Many performance pieces were performed here; including many plays from the famous William Shakespeare and, the†¦show more content†¦Each with varying price ranges, depending on your seats. For good quality seats, such as the â€Å"circle† section A, your ticket prices will be anywhere from $41.50 - $44.75, also depending on the dates of the show. I got the chance to go for the 10th anniversary, which was a spectacular performance. Visual art, has also been a prominent factor in European culture and society. Visual art began in Europe during Prehistoric times, somewhere around 30 to 20000 BCE, this art was located in a cave in Spain and is known as the â€Å"El Castillo Cave Art†, which is so far, the oldest known cave paintings in the world. Going further in time, European artwork is emboldened by many great painters and architects such as Leonardo DaVinci and Michelangelo; whom were famous for some of the greatest canvas and architectural paintings known in the world today. Most of these paintings from these artist, can be found in our next location, The Louvre, in Paris, France. The Louvre, was built in 1190, as a fortress to the Empire of France. The LeMusee du Louvre, is located along the banks of the Seine River, in Paris. The Louvre, was reconstructed after it’s time as a fortress, to serve as a royal palace. Its expansion continued over the years, covering a total area of now 652, 300 square feet, much more than its original square footage of less than 600,000. In 1793, after moving the royal residence to Versailles by King Louis XIV; The Louvre, became an art museum,Show MoreRelatedThe Baroque Era848 Words   |  4 PagesBaroque Era occurred from 1590 to 1725 AD in various parts of Europe. Its style was very different from its predecessor’s, the Renaissance, focus on antiquity. It was not until the Reformation that the Baroque style took its place in history as a momentous period. During the Reformation, people broke from the almighty Roman Catholic Church and created their own form of Christian faith, Protestantism. This Protestant move ment took Europe and other countries by storm who either disagreed with the teachingsRead MoreAnalysis Of John Cage s Song Books 1567 Words   |  7 PagesCage became a theology major in college. 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The first such history was Filippo Villanis De origine civitatis Florentiae et eiusdem famosis civibus, written about 1381-82. Florentine artists revived an art that was almost dead, Villani asserts, just as Dante had restored poetry after its decline in the Middle Ages. The revival was begun by Cimabue and completed by Giotto, who equalled the ancient paintersRead More performing arts Essay1357 Words   |  6 Pages What is Performance Art? How does it differ from Theater? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The term quot;Performance Artquot; started in the United States in the 60s. It was originally used to describe any live artistic event, which included poets, filmmakers, musicians, dancers, etc. Even though the descriptive word came about in the 1960s, there were earlier precedents for performance art. The live performances of the Dadaist meshed poetry and visual arts. The German Bauhaus, founded in 1919Read MoreSocial role of women1061 Words   |  5 Pageseternal topic. In an age when the images of women were expected to be associated with marriage, motherhood, and domestic matters, few Americans could have thought of a young woman from an upper-middle class family would pursue professional study of art in Europe in the late nineteenth century. Yet, praises and critics both fall on the young artist, Mary Cassatt (1844 - 1926). In this paper, I will show how two historians contrast about the their views of this feminine artist, as well as their methodologic alRead MoreArt Quiz 1 Essay867 Words   |  4 PagesArts Appreciation 1301 Chapter 1 Quiz 1. Chapter One opens by describing the work of artist Cai Guo-Qiang. Gunpowder is an unusual material to draw with and the sky is an unusual surface to draw on! What reasons does the artist give for using gunpowder as his drawing material? Cai Guo-Qiang wished to create beauty from something like gunpowder, which is originally considered a force of destruction. 2. On page 3, the author (Sayre p.3) states: â€Å"Appreciating art is never just a question of acceptingRead MoreMusic Is A Part Of My Life1637 Words   |  7 Pagesevery other form of art, music is universal and can be enjoyed by people from all different backgrounds. It gives people a chance to understand the world differently rather than simply sitting in class taking a test. Every single time I hear a new song my life changes and I fall in love again. Each student should have the opportunity to fall in love with the arts and change for the better. Although many people regard art education as a luxury, the creative activities found in art classes like musicRead MoreRoyals and Peasants in the Renaissance889 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the Renaissance there is a clear difference between the royals and peasants. Courtesans were sent to schools where they learned steps and techniques to be used in performances as well as the behaviors to have during court. 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The Scopes Monkey Trial Research Paper Free Essays

The Scopes Trial Today evolution is taught in public schools in America, but it has not always been that way. The legal battle that led to the teaching of evolution in public schools has been a very long one. Creationism was taught in public schools until the late 19th century. We will write a custom essay sample on The Scopes Monkey Trial Research Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Following Darwin’s theories being introduced in 1859 many began to accept evolution during the 1860’s. This would continue in America until a flamboyant, Christian, lawyer named William Jennings Bryan campaigned against the teaching of evolution. Bryan found supporters very easily because of a grassroots movement in America following World War I; which was a vast change in society that led people towards a simpler and more religious lifestyle. This movement led several states to create laws banning the teaching of evolution in public schools. Bryan and his movement was of course opposed by many which led to the legal battles that have taken America from a non-evolution teaching society to the evolution teaching society it is today. In this paper I will discuss the first major court case that brought significant national attention to these laws. The first major court case that brought significant attention to the laws banning the teaching of evolution in public schools is â€Å"The Scopes Trial† or â€Å"The Monkey Trial† in Dayton, TN in 1925. This trial was the State of Tennessee vs John Thomas Scopes, who was a high school football coach that was also a substitute. Although this case would turn out to be more about Scopes breaking a law than the teaching of evolution in public schools; it was significant in bringing national attention to the laws. After the state of Tennessee passed the Butler Act, which banned the teaching of anything that contradicted the idea of creationism from the Bible, there was a group of businessmen from Dayton, TN who felt they could bring business and attention to their small town thanks to the new law. They devised a plan to find a local teacher willing to oppose the law by teaching evolution in the classroom. They were able to find such a teacher in John Thomas Scopes; Scopes was the perfect candidate. He was young (25), new to teaching (first year), new to town, and was well liked by the towns people. It took little convincing to get Scopes to oppose the law and he did so while substituting a high school biology class. When knowledge of Scopes teaching evolution was made public he was arrested and taken to trial. The trial quickly grew in fame when two of America’s most prominent lawyers took the case. William Jennings Bryan volunteered to serve as the prosecutor for the State of Tennessee which led to Clarence Darrow becoming the Defending lawyer in the case. Darrow was a famous Agnostic, defense, lawyer who wanted to prove Bryan wrong more so than to prove Scope’s innocence. With the new â€Å"celebrity† lawyers on board for the trial; the case quickly gained fame. The business men of Dayton, Tennessee were quickly pleased to see their plan had worked. There were vendors, tourist, and media flocking to Dayton for the trial. The vendors were selling hot dogs, and water outside of the courthouse. The many curious people who came to Dayton to witness the trial caused the town to be flooded with people. All of the hotels were so full it led to many members of the media staying in a warehouse and sleeping on the floor. For the first time there was a national radio broadcast from the courtroom of the trial and the trial was recorded on film. There were so many people in the courtroom that the weight caused the support beams to buckle in the courthouse. The buckling of the beams lead to the trial being held outside one day; then returning inside with a limited amount of people able to attend. During the jury selection Darrow quickly realized he was at odds. It was hard to find an unbiased jury in Dayton Tennessee because the vast majority of residents were Christians and was neducated on what evolution is. They saw evolution as a direct threat to their religion rather than a scientific theory. The jury ended up being made up of farmers who were mostly illiterate with the majority being church goers; six were Baptist, four Methodist, one Church of Christ, and one was a non-church goer. Since Darrow knew he could not prove that Scopes was innocent of breaking the law. He would rather try to prove that the law itself was unconstitutional; and decided to make his case based on science versus ignorance. He had planned on calling in several scientific scholars as witnesses to argue the topic of evolution over creationism but the judge deemed this unreasonable. The judge did not allow the witnesses and said that the case was about the law and not evolution. This was the case for Darrow but not for Bryan. Bryan argued that creationism was true and spent most of his time in court preaching from the Bible. Bryan even preached to the public on the courthouse steps and in the local Methodist church while he was in Dayton. This tactic won over the local people and even the defendant. Scopes was quoted saying â€Å" Bryan was a powerful speaker†. With Bryan’s tactics being allowed by the judge and going over well with the jury and local people Darrow saw only one way to â€Å"win†. Instead of trying to keep Scopes from being convicted he would make his case into a personal vendetta against Bryan’s beliefs. When Darrow presented his defense he called one witness; Bryan. This was a shock to everyone in the court as well as around the country. The judge allowed it as long as Bryan was okay with it. Bryan agreed so he took the stand to be questioned by Darrow. Darrow made the most of his opportunity and questioned the faith that Bryan held so dear. He began by asking him about stories from the Bible and how old the Earth was. He then delved deeper into the creation theory; asking if Bryan knew how long it took God to create the Earth, if the days that were spoke of in Genesis were man’s days or God’s days, and if they differed. Of course; Bryan could not answer truthfully, only guess. This led to Bryan acknowledging that the periods of creation in Genesis could have possible been millions of years rather than days. This gave ground to the theory of evolution to be included in the creationist’s idea of the beginning. The day after Darrow questioned Bryan the judge ordered the testimony to be absolved from the case. He said that it had no bearings on the case. Scopes was found guilty and fined $100. Even though Darrow was unable to prove Scopes innocence he was able to show a chink in the armor of the creationist claims against evolution and make a bigger name for himself. Bryan died five days after the trial in Dayton Tennessee while taking a nap after lunch. Darrow appealed the case to the State Supreme Court in an attempt to get the law deemed unconstitutional. The Supreme Court found that Scopes should not have been fined but did not retry him. It was not until 1965 when the American Civil Liberties Union made a case against the state of Arkansas that the Supreme Court ruled that laws against the teaching of evolution were unconstitutional. Works Cited Crewe, Sabrina and Michael V. Uschan. The Scopes â€Å"Monkey† Trial. Milwaukee: Gareth Stevens Publishing, 2005. Print. Groce, Eric, Tina L. Heafner and Katherine A. O’Connor. â€Å"Monkey Business: Teaching the Scopes Evolution Trial. † Social Studies Research ;amp; Practice (2011): 107-128. Print. Lovorn, Michael G. â€Å"Monkey Town: The Summer of the Scopes Trial. † Social Studies Research ;amp; Practice (2009): 99-106. Print. Singham, Mano. God vs. Darwin. Plymouth: Roman and Littlefield Education, 2009. Book. How to cite The Scopes Monkey Trial Research Paper, Essays

Business Capstone Project Reputation and Online Purchase Behaviour

Question: Discuss about the Business Capstone Project for Reputation and Online Purchase Behaviour. Answer: Introduction The modern day business environment is largely dominated by the emergence of technologic advancements, where internet plays the pivotal role in grabbing the attention of retail marketers. Various studies conducted previously have significantly captured the picture that retail outlets worldwide have transcended through their infancy to gain significant potentials from the target markets through the effective integration of internet technology (Kim Lennon, 2013). Today, billions of people globally are inclined towards shopping online due to the growth online sales, which can be attributed to the advantages of internet technologies to provide a significant amount of information promptly and economically (D'Alessandro, Girardi Tiangsoongnern, 2012). However, a hefty portion of the world population still does not believe in online shopping, as their faith is extensively persuaded in the traditional shopping process. Hsu, Chuan-Chuan Lin, and Chiang (2013) argue that companies in a highl y competitive global environment require maintaining long-term profitability via developing the ability to attract and retain customers and shaping up a loyal customer base. Therefore, a considerable number of companies are finding it difficult to understand the buying behaviours of the customers while gaining clear comprehension about the factors influencing or attracting shoppers towards the brand. Therefore, the research is intended to investigate the multiple factors and antecedents associated with the enhancing online brand presence and determining shopping behaviours. Background Literature The previous literature or theoretical backgrounds are identified or explored for developing the study with the aim of constructing hypothetical knowledge regarding the underlying dimensions associated with consumer shopping behaviours and attitudes. Apart from that, the utilisation of literature is based on examining the relationships between different factors and online shopping attitudes and perceptions (Cheung Lee, 2012). Retailing Kim and Krishnan (2015) have suggested that retail segment is the most vision business sector of the global economy, as the consumers worldwide are exposed to multiple alternatives from catalogues and various television shopping opportunities to internet in addition to the traditional retail stores. Therefore, the entire retail business environment is significantly categorised into two broad types, such bricks-and-mortar and online stores (Cheng Huang, 2013). On the other hand, citing the reference obtained from Shiau and Luo (2012), different modes of retailing are designed by the retailers depending on the type of business, where these patterns significantly influence the shopping behaviours among the customers of the individual industry. Telemarketing, catalogue sales, social media marketing, sales promotion, and teleshopping are the elementary methods for advertising and promoting sales of the retail divisions. The fundamental aim of such marketing and advertisement activities d esigned by the retailers are solely dedicated to attracting and motivating the consumers and helping the developing a positive buying attitudes (Shiau Luo, 2012). Internet Sales and Online Shoppers Studies like Cantallops and Salvi (2014) and Cheng and Huang (2013) have identified that internet is commonly used for searching the key information, generating in-depth perception about the products or services, online banking, and online payments among many other important activities. The online selling infrastructure considers the growing engagement of the customers towards the online mediums for accomplishing their various transactions and fulfilling the everyday needs for expanding the growth of online business (Cantallops Salvi, 2014). Hence, the particular process is committed to capitalising the increasing opportunities offered by the recent marketing environment. Reputation of Online Shopping The e-commerce or e-marketing sector has grown immensely in the past decade. Due to constant up gradation of technology majority of the people especially people belonging to younger generation prefers shopping online rather than physically visiting the shop. People finds online shopping more effective as they get detail information about the products and also gets an idea about the quality by reading its reviews. As per the recent statistics more than 3 billion people uses internet everyday this is almost equivalent to the 20% of the worlds population (Cantallops and Salvi, 2014). As stated by Shiau Luo, (2012), UK is considered to be one of the most developed markets of online shopping in the world. More than 60% of the UK population does online shopping almost every week. U.K Population 68, 789, 500 People accessing internet daily 56, 860,249 Source: (Kim Lennon, 2013) Research Questions Based on the identified issues in online retailing environment and preliminary knowledge gaining from the review of literature, the key research questions are: What way reputation of a selling organization affects individual purchasing behaviour of the customers? What are the prime factors that influence decision-making process of the customers in online shopping process? What strategies and approaches can be employed by the key retailers to enhance their online brand reputation and presence in the contemporary environment? What suggestions can be given to the online retailers for improving their risk perception and privacy typology? Research Methods The entire research will be carried out by considering an actual and systematic procedure with the right combination of discovering, explaining, and rectifying the facts and evidence obtained through the analysis. By looking at the nature of the research topic, this study will be entirely performed by appointing a quantitative research approach only. The quantitative study is based on gaining a large amount of numerical data from the chosen population with the aim of achieving overall statistical results and characteristics in the exploratory and predictive manner (Hsu, Chuan-Chuan Lin Chiang, 2013). The study would focus on the effective utilization of positivism research philosophy, deductive approach and descriptive design for fulfilling all the research objectives in an appropriate manner. The study would consider the mentioned process for capturing in-depth information about the purchasing behaviour of the customers. Furthermore, it would also allow the research study to analyz e research hypothesis in an appropriate way. Data Collection and Analysis For capturing in-depth information about the research study, online survey technique would be utilized in an effective. A questionnaire will be formed for capturing effective quantitative information about the research study. 50 respondents will be selected by employing a random sampling procedure from a broad range of customers from the retail industry of USA. Moreover, the survey will be performed by developing close-ended questions and transmitted to the respondents in their e-mails for collecting adequate responses. Lastly, it is worth to mention that the close-ended questions are designed by relying on the reflections from the literature while the responses for each item are distributed on a range of five-points in the Likert scale. In case of analysing the data obtained from the primary information, statistical tools such as SPSS will be utilised. The importance of the SPSS software is based on extracting the key facts out of the large base numerical data (Kim Krishnan, 2015). Subsequently, a regression analysis will be carried out in the next phase of data analysis with the aim of justifying the principal relationship between the two variables, such as the factors affecting shopping behaviours and the perception of the online purchasers. In addition, tables, charts, and graphs will be designed and formed for ensuring the suitable presentation of data and supporting the smooth identification of research findings. Conclusion From the use of overall data collection techniques and analytical procedures, it can be estimated that reputation of online organizations are extremely crucial for influencing the behavioural pattern of the customers. In fact, decision-making of the online customers depend upon the intangibility and practicality of the companys online presence. In addition, cultural integration to online shopping approaches may need to be maintained by considering the socio-cultural trends of the particular economy (D'Alessandro, Girardi Tiangsoongnern, 2012). With the combination of the proposed findings, it is expected that suitable suggestions for future research will be proposed for enhancing the professional knowledge and technical abilities of the retailers regarding the improvement online business activities. References Cantallops, A. S., Salvi, F. (2014). New consumer behavior: A review of research on eWOM and hotels.International Journal of Hospitality Management,36, 41-51. Cheng, H. H., Huang, S. W. (2013). Exploring antecedents and consequence of online group-buying intention: An extended perspective on theory of planned behavior.International Journal of Information Management,33(1), 185-198. Cheung, C. M., Lee, M. K. (2012). What drives consumers to spread electronic word of mouth in online consumer-opinion platforms.Decision support systems,53(1), 218-225. D'Alessandro, S., Girardi, A., Tiangsoongnern, L. (2012). Perceived risk and trust as antecedents of online purchasing behavior in the USA gemstone industry.Asia pacific journal of marketing and logistics,24(3), 433-460. Hsu, C. L., Chuan-Chuan Lin, J., Chiang, H. S. (2013). The effects of blogger recommendations on customers' online shopping intentions.Internet Research,23(1), 69-88. Kim, J., Lennon, S. J. (2013). Effects of reputation and website quality on online consumers' emotion, perceived risk and purchase intention: Based on the stimulus-organism-response model.Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing,7(1), 33-56. Kim, Y., Krishnan, R. (2015). On product-level uncertainty and online purchase behavior: An empirical analysis.Management Science,61(10), 2449-2467. Shiau, W. L., Luo, M. M. (2012). Factors affecting online group buying intention and satisfaction: A social exchange theory perspective.Computers in Human Behavior,28(6), 2431-2444.

Salman Rushdie free essay sample

A look at the contributions of this 20th century author to a changing society. This paper attempts to explore Salman Rushdies impact on society. It looks at the controversies he stirs up and the reasons for him having such a great affect on the world. His origins and life are looked at and some of his famous works are studied in the context of censorship and freedom of speech. Critics as well as admirers often refer to Salam Rushdie as the most famous author in the world. For a man who originally wanted to become an actor he has come a long way in his second career choice. The fame is not always in a positive light however, and Rushdie has had a fair share of fame due to the controversy his works generate worldwide. His novel. The Ground Beneath Her Feet was published in 12 nations at the same time. We will write a custom essay sample on Salman Rushdie or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This affirmation of his creativity pleased him.

Relationship Between Knowledge Management And Decision Making The WritePass Journal

Relationship Between Knowledge Management And Decision Making Relationship between knowledge management and decision making Relationship Between Knowledge Management And Decision Making Relationship between knowledge management and decision makingPractical examples where knowledge management guide decision makingWhy knowledge management systems may fail?ReferenceRelated Relationship between knowledge management and decision making In todays complex and turbulent environment, knowledge management has become increasingly important in decision making. Unlike in the past where organizations employed consultants or experts to aid with the decision making process, these actors have today been replaced by knowledge managers and decision making is increasingly being supported by decision support systems with built in knowledge base (Gamble 2001). In this view, this paper examines the relationship between knowledge management and decision making. There is no universally accepted definition of the term Knowledge management. However, in this context, it will be used in reference to the strategies and practices used by an organization to capture, store and distribute knowledge that is either embodied in individuals or embedded in the process and practices of the organization (Holsapple 1995). As noted by Joshi (2001), knowledge management has important implications on decision making in an organization. Effective KM should support the process of decision making and strategic planning. For example, knowledge management plays a major role in the planning phase of a project. Based on the current information, forecasters guide decision makers in making complex decisions in the business world characterized by increased risks and uncertainty. The entire decision making endeavour is made based on the outcome of forecasting, a knowledge intensive activity (Mohammed Jalal 2011). Knowledge management is thus important in tactical decision making. Knowledge management in organizations is supported by information technology. That is, Knowledge Management Systems rely on routines programmed in the logic of computational machinery (Malhotra 2004).   The expertise and experiences of employees are stored in computerized databases. Both the tacit and explicit knowledge are stored in computerized databases and software programs for re-use in future (Malhotra 2004). In fact, most of the knowledge management experts acknowledge that technology contributes around 15% of the solution (Gamble 2001). However, technology in itself is not sufficient. Of great importance are the people with knowledge. People are the main determinant of the success or failure of knowledge management. But still, managing knowledge is no easy task. As suggested by Karlin Taylor (1998), acquiring knowledge is not the real problem that organizations face, rather the main challenge is the lack of skills to manage such knowledge in order to ensure effective decisions. It is a major challenge to capture knowledge such as data, information and experiences from individuals that possess them and to use such ingredients and transform them into knowledge that would enhance decision making (Mohsen et al. 2011) Practical examples where knowledge management guide decision making A perfect case where knowledge management can guide decision making is in the PC market. Given the competitive environment which has resulted in diminishing margins in the PC markets, Dell may need to shift focus to hosting services (Malhotra 2004). To do so more effectively, Dell would first have to harvest knowledge through experimentation, adaptation and innovation (Malhotra 2004). Then it would need to redefine both the business and customer value propositions. Another area where knowledge management has proven to be useful in decision making is the banking sector. Due to increase in competition and the growing integration of financial institutions, most banks are increasingly targeting at improving on customer satisfaction in order to continue to thrive. As such, the process of knowledge creation, storage and distribution has become essential such that banks have assigned specialized personnel to manage these critical processes (Mohsen et al. 2011). Knowledge management in banks is particularly evident in the fields of risk management, performance management, customer relationship management and marketing management (Jayasundara 2008).   Banks have invested heavily in knowledge management systems such as Decision Support Systems, Data Mining and Data warehouses (Jayasundara 2008). Through such systems, banks have been able to improve and attain more efficient results in decision making. According to a survey by Reuters, it was found that 90% of the companies that deployed a KM solution had more efficient results in decision making (Malhotra 2001). The survey also revealed that 81% of the companies that deployed a KM solution experienced an increase in their productivity (Malhotra 2001). A similar study by Lui Young (2007) in the manufacturing sector showed that global manufacturing businesses utilized knowledge management systems such as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Product Life Cycle Management (PLM) and Customer Relations Management to enhance their manufacturing decisions. Given the vital role that knowledge management plays in decision making, it is not surprising to find many organizations transforming knowledge from being an abstract concept to a tangible and manageable one (Oduoza 2010). But, whilst there is a general agreement that knowledge management enhances the decision making process and leads to worthwhile decisions, there are certain instances where such systems can fail. Why knowledge management systems may fail? Where knowledge management information systems are seen an end in themselves, failure is guaranteed. Knowledge and information have different meanings. Knowledge resides in the user and happens only through the processing, analyzing and filtering of data via human brain (Liew 2007). On the other hand, information refers to refined data that can be re-used (Liew 2007). The two are not the same yet many organizations fail to understand the difference and become frustrated when significant investments in technology fail to deliver the expected results (Paprika 2001). In order to harvest employee knowledge and to turn it into corporate knowledge that can be widely shared, strategic thinking and planning must come into play. Without a strategic plan or a guiding strategy for increasing margins, knowledge management information systems are bound to fail. For example, if the technology department is only department mandated with a knowledge management initiative, then such systems are unlikely to deliver the expected outcomes. To ensure the success of knowledge management systems, it is important to foster an environment that allows for knowledge sharing. Yet most organizations are still defined by hierarchical structures that do not support interdepartmental collaboration (Paprika 2001). Creating an organizational culture that supports sharing of knowledge is important to avoid such systems from failing. Also, too much focus on IT-based knowledge management may impair a firms capacity for knowledge creation (Malhotra 2000). Solutions often tend to specify the minutiae of machinery, ignoring the human psychology of how people in the organization acquire, share and create knowledge (Malhotra 2000). Such constrained and restricted perspective of knowledge management can be detrimental on a firms learning and adaptive capabilities (Malhotra 2000). In fact, it becomes more problematic in a dynamic environment that requires multiple interpretations and ongoing evaluation (Malhotra 2000). In order to address this weakness inherent in IT-based knowledge management, it is equally important to focus on the synergy of innovation and human creativity. Nonetheless, the process of decision making is a knowledge intensive activity. Explicit knowledge that is obtained from repositories and the tacit knowledge that is obtained through a one on one interaction between a manager and an employee can be used to support decision making. Reference Gamble, P.R., 2001. Knowledge management: a state of the art guide. Kogan Publishers Holsapple, C.W., 1995. ‘Knowledge management in decision making and decision support’. The international Journal of knowledge Transfer and Utilization, vol.8 (1), pp.5-22 Jayasundara, C.C., 2008. Knowledge Management in Banking Industries: uses and opportunities. Joshi, K.D., 2001. ‘A framework to study knowledge management behaviours during decision making’. Journal of the University Librarians Association of Sri Lanka, Vol. 12, PP.68-79. Karlin, S., and Taylor, H. 1998. An Introduction To Stochastic Modeling. Orlando, Fla.: Harcourt Lehaney, B., 2004. Beyond knowledge management. Idea Group Inc Liew, A., 2007. ‘Understanding data, information, knowledge and their inter-relationships’. Journal of knowledge Management Practice, vol.8 (2) Malhotra, Y., 2004. ‘Why Knowledge Management Systems Fail? Enablers and Constraints of Knowledge Management in Human Enterprises’. In: Michael E.D. Koenig T. Kanti Srikantaiah (Eds.), Knowledge Management Lessons Learned: What Works and What Doesnt, Information Today Inc. American Society for Information Science and Technology Monograph Series, 87-112. Malhotra, Y., 2001. Expert Systems for Knowledge Management: Crossing the Chasm between Information Processing and Sense Making. Expert Systems With Applications, 20,1, 7-16. Malhotra, Y., 2000. ‘From information management to knowledge management: beyond the hi-tech hidebound systems’. In: K. Srikantaiah M.E.D. Koenig (eds), knowledge management for the information professional. Medford, N.J., Information Today Inc., pp.37-61 Mohammed, W. and Jalal, A., 2011. ‘The influence of knowledge management system (KMS) on enhancing decision making process (DMP)’. International Journal of Business and Management, vol.6 (8) Oduoza, C.F., 2010. Decision support system based on effective knowledge management framework to process customer order enquiry, UK. Paprika, Z.Z., 2001. Knowledge management support in decision making. Budapest, Hungary Publishers Ltd.

611 Assignment 1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

611 1 - Assignment Example This is with the main aim of gauging what specific people and project variables should be taken into consideration, to ensure the ultimate success of that project. The article clearly highlights of the inherent need to ensure that all the variables are taken into consideration before project commencement occurs. The understanding of existing variables will create a platform where the team manger and participants will work in areas where they have notable strengths. In retrospect, each and every team requires a strengthened resolve to attain and carry out its mandate successfully. The overall coordination of people and project variables go hand in hand to ensure optimal performance in the overall project. This is in line with the time, money and eventual positive success of the project. The skills, experience, exposure, number of people working in a team and how they delegate team duties include some of the people variables in a project. As for the project variables, it should be understood that they are unique to the needs and requirements of the particular project. However, there are a certain variables that have maintained consistency in lin e with what the overall project entails. Some of the notable project variables include the level of accountability and commitment of the team players, scope of the project and the time frame set for project execution (Rosenwinkel, 1995). This is also enhanced by the due consideration of the emerging factors in the project like budget and potential or actual application of technology. As a team member, one clear observational challenge is the overall lack of coordination between the human and mechanical systems. This creates an observable avenue to perform below expectations in the project. The advice collected from the article highlights the need for the ultimate coordination of people and project based variables. This is the only way that the project will attain the success

The Things They Carried by Tim O' Brian Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Things They Carried by Tim O' Brian - Essay Example Each of them finds many things to blame, and they all, at times, also blame themselves. Two characters in particular highlight the struggle for a way to apportion blame, namely the soldier Norman Bowker and the author/narrator Tim O’Brien. This paper explains that the point of the book is to illustrate how soldiers should accept personal responsibility only for confessing the truth about what happened, and allocate all the blame and guilt to collective or impersonal agencies like chance, nature, god, or the human condition. The character of Norman Bowker represents a thinking soldier who goes through a fairly standard Vietnam War experience. His thoughtful nature is illustrated at the start of Speaking of Courage when his younger self is depicted â€Å"talking about urgent matters, worrying about the existence of God and theories of causation† (p. 132). These are quite normal preoccupations for a teenager, and it is stressed that this theoretical speculation takes place before there was any sign of the war, in the beautiful countryside of his youth. Even in this idealized, innocent state, Bowker notes that futile tragedy could occur. He reports â€Å"the lake had drowned his friend Max†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p.132). After the war is over, Norman is haunted by what he sees as his own guilt in the death of his comrade in arms Kiowa. He thinks that if he had acted differently, maybe he could have done something, but he has difficulty expressing himself to the civilians around him. He thinks they will not understand, and, as his mother puts it he does not want to be a bother to them. Norman writes to the Tim O,Brien/narrator character asking for Tim, who is a writer, to tell the story of â€Å"the terrible killing power of that shit field† (p. 153). He is referring here to the stinking muddy field into which the noble character Kiowa’s dead body sank. On one level, then, Norman realises that that the natural

The Philosophy Of God And Religion Theology Religion Essay

The Philosophy Of God And Religion Theology Religion Essay Beings and Human Beings are born in nature. Religion and caste are the creations of men. The need of the millennium is human integration across religions, races and countries by the pursuit of right knowledge about Man, Nature and Society. Religion is the derivative of ancient myths and beliefs passed on from one generation to the other(another) thereby being elucidated into faiths, rituals and traditions. Around 2000-2200 million people believe in Christianity, making it by far the single largest religion in the world. Around 1300-1650 million people believe in Islam, making it the second most followed religion in the world. Around 828-1000 million people follow Hinduism. Around 1000 million people do not have any religion or notion of God, also referred to as atheists. 400 million people follow Buddhism. Irrespective of what these people follow or what notion they hold of God. Religion is something, which was created for the betterment of human society as a whole. But In the 21st century religion has more or less become an instrument of war creating unrest amongst countries and people. Many of the major problems in the present millennia can be attributed to these religious conflicts. These conflicts between major world religions can become a detrimental recipe for disaster wherein they can threaten the very existence of the dominant species on this planet i.e. Homo sapiens sapiens . The reason why I lay emphasis on the genus and sub-genus is that, across the population people may differ on the basis of colour, caste, race, height, weight, gender and religion but what unites them is the sense of belonging to one species i.e. Homo sapiens. My father, a philosopher cum visionary would always say that: Beings and Human Beings are born out of the same bowl called nature. Religion and caste are the creations of man. The need of the millennium is to bridge this void and bring about human integration across religions, races and countries by the pursuit of true knowledge about Man, Nature and Society. Conflict Resolution- Conflict Resolution is the need of the hour and should therefore be given extensive thought and time, following which it should be implemented at a Micro as well as a Macro Level. Envisioning and bringing forth a society whereby individuals and communities work and make decisions for the greater good of mankind on the basis of facts rather than on myths and beliefs. Conflict Resolution amongst world religions in its literary sense cannot be achieved, nonetheless a difference in perception exists about the notion of God/Gods amongst the believers. Human beings should rise against these odds towards greater enlightenment forging ahead a new era of peace and progress. On the flip side, one should also be aware of the origin and fate of the vast expanse known as the universe comprising of millions of galaxies, stars, planets and what is the energy which is keeping all of this intact and that too in a predetermined and fixed path. One should also be aware of the conscious and subconscious state of mind through which we possess this knowledge about each and everything. If the above mentioned points were made clear, all the mere believers in this world will become true rationalists. If one Global Religion were to be followed, it would be on the basis of scientific thinking rather than on blind beliefs. All actions and texts of this religion would be based upon the scientific knowledge and literature available at the time. The theory would be self-evolving in nature to the advancements in science and technology. People should come to an understanding that all Human Beings are created as equals. Nature does not discriminate while nurturing. So as human beings we cannot be discriminative towards the way we look, approach and act towards others belonging to different castes, religions, races, colours etc. I strongly believe Knowledge is a driving force. Knowledge possessed by a certain individual is detrimental towards the way he/she acts in a certain manner. Therefore it becomes imperative to inculcate the right knowledge and values. Being ignorant of the world around is far better than being misinformed. Terrorism is also the outgrowth of this misinformation and the misconceptions about God and his preaching. This is where we need to play a role whereby we expel all the misinformation and bring about a sense of belonging. Human Beings are said to be the building blocks of societies. The kind of knowledge an individual possesses has a direct impact on the way he/she acts or behaves. The way one behaves thereby has an impact on the society as a whole. Knowledge and Behaviour play in tandem and therefore it becomes imperative to give the right Knowledge and eliminate wrong Knowledge. To do this, there are certain prerequisites, Firstly, one should know how to judge between the right knowledge and the wrong knowledge. To do this one should be aware of philosophy and its constituents especially the branch of philosophy which deals with epistemology, logic and origin of the Universe and its existence. But in this world, which has so far existed, every great society has had its fair share of myths ranging from the creation of the world to how it will eventually end. Tales of wonder and imagination abound wherein each myth is filled with magic, mystery, heroism, treachery, courage and faith. These myths are so widely accepted that they have even managed to permeate in the 21st century. Hence it is our responsibility to differentiate between a myth and a tenet. Somehow or the other the terms like god and religion are attributed to philosophy philosophy; Hence we will now discuss regarding the philosophy and what is the origin and fate of the god and religion. Different questions in philosophy which made a strong emphasis for the existence of God and religion:- We each exist but for a very short time. The actions that we do during the tenure of our life and the fruits which we bear from them is considered as life. My father used to tell me , Life is real, simple and short. Humans, being a curious species explore and question everything, we develop theories, we seek answers , we think, we justify things, we have the ability to communicate all these things which in turn makes us the most dominant species on planet earth. After coming through different perceptions of the universe from the earlier times to today, we might have a multitude of questions -: How can we understand the world in which we find ourselves? How does universe behave? What is the nature of reality? Where did all this come from? Did the universe need a creator? What are the different ways of obtaining knowledge ? How many types of matter exist in the universe? What is philosophy? What are the qualities of the different things in the universe? What is reality? What is the ultimate goal of human beings? What are beliefs? What are atoms? How do we know things? What is is a cause? How to explain the properties of a thing? What is space and time? What is justice? What is the truth? What is goodness? How language came in to existense and what is language? What are the reasons behind different things? What is beauty and art? What is perception,inference,verbal testimony? What is mind? What is the origin of religion? Who invented the first god? And countless othersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. Traditionally these are the prime questions of Philosophy . Many indian and western schools of philosophy which gave appropriate answers to many of the above questions and near appropriate answers to some of the questions since ancient times , due to lack of availability of means and scope, like instruments and science and technology., but these days however, these questions are answered by the other schools like different branches of Physical sciences and chemical sciences. But during the earlier times these questions were answered by various religions in many different ways. Opinions of Some major Philospohers and Scientists Western Schools of Philsopohy:- When it comes to religion, there are six major figures who have done extensive research on Religions and gods, Namely 1.Friedrich max Muller(1823-1900 He is often called the father of the comparitive religion, Friedrich Max Muller was the son of a German Romantic poet. He studied in Leipzing and in Paris, where he began his first major work, a monumental edition of the Sanskrit text of the Rig Veda, published in four volumes between 1849 and 1862. He settled in England in 1846 and spent most of the remainder of his life in Oxford, becoming Professor of Comparative Philology in 1868. A prolific writer, his later books included Comparative Mythology (1856), Introduction to the Science of Religion (1873) India, What can it teach us? (1883), and many other works, including three series of Gifford Lectures and two volumes of personal reminiscences. He was alo responsible for editing the fifty-volume series of Sacred Books of the East-still an invaluable source for the study of religion. Max Muller brought the religions of the world for the first time to the notice of the English-speaking public, interpreted to the West the ancient and modern religions of India, in a vital, if sometimes idiosyncratic, way. His theories that religion arose through the personification of natural phenomena have, on the other hand, been wholly superseded. 2.Edward Burnett Taylor (1832-1917) In its early years , the study of comparative religion was much concerned with the origin and evolution of religion as a universal human phenomenon. E.B. Tylor, who in 1896 became Britains first professor of anthropology, in the 1860 s coined the term animism to describe what he believed to be the earliest stage in this evolutionary process, a simple belief in spiritual beings. Tylor studied in Mexico; this visit resulted in his first book, Anahuac (1861). He subsequently published Researches into the Early History of Mankind (1865), and his most important work, Primitive Culture (1871), in which the animism theory is cleary stated. Briefly, it is that early mans experiences of dream and trance that led him first to a belief in a separate soul (anima) in himself, and later to postulate the existence of surviving souls (ghosts), and of many such souls in animals, plants, the atmosphere, etc. Out of this belief in souls or spirits, there eventually developed belief in gods. As an evolutionary theory, this is of very little value, but it does represent accurately the way in which primal (and other) peoples (people) look on the unseen world. Tylors example, provided for the first time a way of understanding religion at a basic level, served to point anthropology along a path which it still to some extent follows. WILLIAM JAMES (1842-1910) William James, the brother of the celebrated American novelist Henry James, was chiefly responsible, in the years around the turn of the century, for popularizing the new subject of the psychology of religion. His book The Varieties of Religious Experience (1902) is a classic, and widely read even today. Trained in medicine, he taught both physiology and psychology at Harvard as early as the 1870s, and in1890 published a celebrated textbook, The Principles of Psychology. Most of his others books , including The Will to Believe (1896), Pragmatism (1907) and Human Immortality (1908), were originally courses of lectures. In his Varieties he drew many valuable distinctions between types of religious experience, the best known being that between the optimistic religion of healthy mindedness (typified by Christian Science) and the pessimistic religion of the sick soul (traditional Calvinism). He also had much to say on mysticism, and discussed altered states of consciousness many years before the subject became fashionable. He came from a Swedenborgina background, and his own religon was an indistinct theism, far removed from orhtodox Christiantity. Although he is still worth reading;his approach was too individualistic, and he had little to say about the corporate aspects of religon. His methods, too, were seriously called in question by the depth psychologists (Freud, Jung and their followers), and are hardly applicable today. WILLIAM ROBERTSON SMITH (1846-1894) Robertson Smith , best known for his magisterial book Lectures on the Religion of the Semites (1889), was a minister of the Free Church of Scotland. In 1870 he became Professor of Old Testament Studies at the Free Church Colloge in Aberdeen. In the early 1880 he was dismissed from his chair for unscriptural teaching,and in 1883 was elected Professor of Arabic at Cambridge. A liberal evangelical, he was responsible for bringing together traditional philological study of the Bible and the new insights of anthropology. He first visited North Africa in 1879, and was impressed by the existence of totemism among the Sinai Bedouin: this resulted in his first major work, Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia(1885). In his later Lectures, he concentrated on the concept of sacririce, which he saw less as a legal transaction than as a practical means of establishing communion with deity. He also recognized that in religion, customs and rituals are often more significant than systems of belief, and that it is vitally important that the student be an accurate and sympathetic observer of the practical side of religon. His influence was widespreadd: he inspired J.G. Frazer to study totemism, and was a forerunner of the sociological study of religion- for which reason he, almost alone among his contemporaries, is still respected among sociologists and anthropologists. Despite his brush with ecclesiastical authority, he remained warmly evangelical in his personal beliefs. NATHAN SODERBLOM (1866-1931) The link between comparative religion and Christian theology was firmly established in the early part of the twentieth century by a group of scholars of whom Nathan Soderblom was perthaps the most outstanding. Born the son of a Lutheran country minister in Sweden, from 1894 to 1901 he was Swedish legation pastor in Parus; in 1901 he bacame Professor of Comparative Religion in Uppsala in 1914, a post he occupied until his death in 1931. His scholarly work spanned many fields, among them are Iranian studies, Luther studies, mysticism, and General comparative religion. Though few of his many books were translated into English, his Gifford Lectures The Living God (published posthumously in 1931) were widely read in those days. He endeavored to locate historica Protestantism within Christiantiy, and Christianity within the religions of the world. He drew valuable distinctions between mystical and revealed forms of religon, and later between two forms of mysticism, mysticism of personality (Paul, Luther) and mysticism of the infinite (indian religon). As well as this academic work, Soderblom made an invaluable contribution to twentieth-century Christianity as one of the fathers of the ecumenical movement. RUDOLF OTTO (1869-1937) Educated at Ealanged and Gottingen, most of Ottos career was spent in teaching posts at Gottingen, Breslau and Marburg. After early work in Luther studies, he turned his attention to the philosophy of religion, and after 1911 to the philosophy of religion, and after 1911 to the study of Indian religions.His best known and most important work, The Idea of the Holy, first appeared in German in 1917, and in English in 1923. In it, he attempted to show that religion begins with the sense of the numinous, that is, of a mysteriously other deity both fearsome and fascinating (numen=deity). This book became a religious classic. His later Indian studies included -Mysticism East and West (1932) and- Indias Religion of Grace (1930), and a critical edition of the Bhagavad Gita (The Original Gita, 1939). In 1921, convinced of the importance of living, inter-religious dialogue, he inaugurated the Inter-Religious League, which was not a success. In his last years his internationalism caused him to fall foul of the Nazi government in Germany, and he died in 1937. Ottos most lasting contribution to the study of religion lay in his insistence on the importance of -immediate, non-rational experience to any estimate of the nature of religion. Although -The Idea of the Holy was not always well understood, it spoke directly to the mind of the twentieth century, and helped lay the foundations for much later work in the area of personal religious experience and of mysticism. Williams James(1842-1910),William Robertson Smith(1846-94),Nathan s(S)oderblom(1866-1931,Rudolf Otta)1869-1937),When ever we speak regarding religions these people should be remebered by the world.Thier works are really needed for the mankind.They have done a major research in the field of god and religion. At the same time some scientists cum philsophers have also given their valuable opinions on God and religion. Now we shall discuss some of the valuable opinions and some misconceptions. Many people didnt develop theories on practical basis (Quantitative Predictions) .Aristotle and others, made the priniciples that appealed to him intellectually, most people suppressed the facts that they found unappealing. No matter how severely their theories deviated from reality ; they used to alter and never removed the concept. For example -The Greek Christian successors rejected the idea that the universe is governed by indifferent natural law. Some religious dogmas like Epicurus (341Bc-270Bc) opposed atomism on the grounds that it is Better to follow the myths about God than to become a slave to the destiny of natural Philosophers. Aristotle too rejected the concept of atoms because he could not accept that human beings were composed of soulless inanimate objects.But the Indian Philsophers considered Atoms as a kind of matter and there are many concepts and theories developed by Kannada on atoms ; but even the concept of atoms has been curbed in India by Adi Shankara.It is not the context of this essay to discuss more on atoms.(remove the last sentence) Most of the theories developed in the Great India with clear cut concepts of Atoms, Body, Matter, Space ( were destroyed with time and circumstances)what not everything, were just went into wrong hands, either. They were changed and some still lay. Unapproachable to the humans as they were destroyed. ( remove everything after circumstances) The Christian philosopher Thomas Aquiras said, It is clear that inanimate bodies reach their end not by chance but by intention-There is therefore an intelligent personal being whom everything in nature is ordered to its end and that intelligent person is nothing but god. Even as late as in the 16th century the great German astronomer Johanes Kepler belived that planets had sense perception and consciously followed laws of movement that were grasped by their mind. Indeed in 1277 Bishop of Temple of Paris,acting on the instructions of Pope John XXI published a list of 219 errors or heresies that were to be condemned.Among the heresies was the idea that nature follows laws.Because this conflicts with the gods omnipotence, unfortunately Pope John was killed by the effect of the law of gravity a few months later when the roof of his place fell on him due to the gravitations pull of earth. According to Descartes- God could at will alter the truth or falsity of ethical proposition or mathematical theorems but not nature. He believed that God ordained the laws of nature but had no choice in the laws; rather he picked them because the laws we experience are the only possible laws. Moreover Descartes felt once God set the world going ,he left it entirely alone. If nature is governed by laws ,then we all have a set of questions like :- 1-From where did these laws were originate? 2-How can you understand these laws? 3-Do these laws need a creator? 4-Are these laws final ? 5-Can there be exceptions to these laws? These important questions have been addressed by different philosophers ,scientists and visionaries in many different ways. The answer to the first question has been given by the great scientists like Kepler,Galileo,Descartes and Newton. It is that the laws were Designed by God. However, this is no more than a definition of god as the embodiment of the laws of nature ;unless one endows God with some other attributes such as being the god of the old testament . If we consider god as the answer to the first question then the real crunch comes in the fifth question-Are there any exceptions to the laws? Opinions about the answer to the fifth question is quite interesting . Aristotle,the great Greek philosopher clearly mentioned that there can be no exeptions to the laws.But according to the Bibilical view God not only created the laws but also has the power to make changes to those laws ,which contradicts Aristotle. In opposition to the views of Decscartes,according to Bible -by praying one can heal the terminally ill, an enormous cyclone can be just stopped by his signs, premature ends to droughts. In opposition to the views of Decscartes;God has the ability to do any thing in the universe.Even Newton believed in miracles of a sort,he thought that god must be resetting the orbits to avoid the falling of planets into Sun! But there was a rationalist during the time of Napoleon.A scientific law is not a scientific law if it holds when some super natural being decides not to intervene.Here Napolean asked Laplace- How god will fit in to this picture? Laplace replied that- I have not needed that hypothesis.In the same way we also do not need the hypothesis of god and religion;but today religion is made a major point in the hypothesis of the human beings. We can clearly sense that Laplace is a kind of rationalist.,even Albert Einstein is a rationalist, he said that: I believe in Spinozas god, who reveals himself in the lawful harmony of the world, not in a god who concerns himself with the fate and doings of mankind. Indian schools of philosophy:- India sub -continent is having a catholic theories on the God and religion and Above mentioned concepts.(remove this sentence) Different schools of Indian Philsopohy deal the above questions in many different ways. The six orthodox schools of the Indian Philsophy are :- 1.Nyaya,2.Vaishesika,3.Purva mimamasa,4.Uttaara mimasa or vedanta5.Sankahya,6.Yoga were altered in many ways in Ancient India. We do not yet know whether these schools are orthodox or rational;However the concepts which they taught are undoubtedly rational but the crunch comes when these laws are altered in order to protect the religion and god. By the advent of new laws from Kannada,Gautama and many other Philsophers and with the renewed belief in the laws, there were attempts to reconcile these laws along with God. The path of the true philosophy was bifurcated by many religious dogmas in Ancient India and even in the western world. The countries which were the bearers of the torch of discovery, invention, innovation had become calm.The religious dogmas diverted the path of true philosophy and used if for their own selfishness. The quest for knowledge in Ancient India was put off by the religious dogmas from there on great texts literature which are essential for mankind for its progress and development were interpreted in many Unscientific ways. The Great theories like Nyaya-Vaishesika,Astronomy, Mathematics Philosophy, which were developed in India in a course of time were held in very high esteem.If it were allowed to follow its original course unimpeded by the religious dogmas then there might have been be a lot of development In India all the theoeries are somehow or the other attributed to the gods and vedas. But by the advent of the Budhhists,Charvaka,Jain the heteredox schools of the India Philsopohy;there was a big change in the human society but it was again curbed by some religious dogmas in ancient India.Most of the people believe that Nyaya and vaishesika are also the heterodox schools of the indian philosophy. All the orthodox schools of the Indian Philosophy believe in god and Vedas, while Heterodox schools have a rational tendency towards the things. Hence it is clear that each philosopher, scientist, revolutionary, and guru has had a strong craving to change the society of the time to a better one. They have always had a deep insight on the days to come but due to lack of scope many misconceptions have crept into their theories. Now we shall discuss the role of god and religion Role Of God and religion- Day by day we are getting knowledge and we are getting enriched because of it . In the same way each and every text may it be religious or of any other subject should stick totally to recent discoveries and inventions. We know that we get knowledge through our sensory organs. The nerves impulses are carried from each sensory organ to the brain and it is getting processed in our brains. The brain interprets the input from our sensory organs and by that we develop our concepts and develop our own theories ( religions). But there may be difference in which one could perceive the same physical situation, with each employing different fundamental elements and concepts. If all the religions which are developed are totally dependent on the truths ,we are free to follow whichever religion that is most convenient. But this is not happening-different religions teach different things and are based on different concepts. In this sequence of the history of mankind we had found better and better theories(religions). There were gods of love and war, Sun, Earth, Sky, Oceans, Rivers, Rain, Thunder Storms even Earth Quakes and Volcanoes. Ignorance of the people in Ancient time made them to invent gods to seek answers as told before. As we are acurious species ,wherever the answer was not found or finding an answer was difficult a new god was invented and it became as if god came into every aspect of Human life. When the gods were pleased, mankind was treated to good weather, peace and freedom from natural disaster and disease and on the flip side when they are displeased there came drought, war, pestilence and epidemics since the relativity between cause and effect in nature was not in their perception( is beyond their perceptions). The gods became superior and our species was self dragged into the mercy of gods. Hence gods became inscrutable but with Kannada, Gautama and by the thoughts of Buddha about 2600 years ago. The idea arose that nature follows a set of laws and laws and epistemology and the theories of atomicity had came into practice. They developed their system of thought, matter, ways we acquire knowledge, atoms etc. Here it is clear that from the beginning of the mankind till now there have been a number of defintions of god and so many concepts and beliefs were have been developed on god by different scientists philosophers and priests.Some people of the Ancient times didnt develop scientific inquiry in their theories and hence invented false gods and wrong concept based religions. Hence in the 21st century, we the Universsal citizens who belong to the same species Homo Sapiens must enact by assuring the dignity of the Individual and Unity and Integrity of the Universe. Unless and until an(replace an with a)universal Religion and God are established,there cannot be peace in the this universe.I would like to mention one more thing The need of this millennium is human integration with right knowledge about man nature and society. As said by my father All the people on this planet earth should have a Healthy , Happy , Purposeful long life. This is only possible through synchronisation of global religions.

Psychological factors of tennis :: essays research papers

TASK ONE PART A FEEDBACK AND MOTIVATION OFFERED TO THE PLAYERS BY THE COACH TO IMPROVE SKILLS, COURT PLAY AND MENTAL ATTITUDE Stuartholme A Grade Tennis Team Dennis Sheard, (the coach of the A team) was mainly focusing this particular training session on footwork and communication as he felt that the team lacked both these factors during their previous Saturday match. The following are a few quotes from Dennis  "Awesome footwork Alex, could you feel the difference between that ball and the last?" Dennis indicates when the players use the correct technique and then compares it to a previous shot where they do not. This is enabling them to get used to using internal feedback independently and how they should be executing the shot.  "Correct technique, but you didn’t squeeze the grip again. The raquet shouldn’t wobble as you hit it." Dennis recognises the problem, explains it and then evaluates it for the player, making it clear what they did wrong and how they can improve it.  "If you’re partner gets a hard ball to reach I want to be able to hear you encouraging her to get it to it, I want to hear lots of "Go, go go’s!!"" Dennis stresses the importance of communication and encouragement in doubles. This communication increases motivation and a goal to reach for the players.  "I don’t want to see any slumped shoulders or negative expressions when you miss a ball, that’s the time you need to be even more confident and focused on getting the next point." Dennis reminds the girls constantly on staying positive and not losing their patience during their games as this can make them become over or under aroused. Psychological Stuartholme D6 Tennis Team The D6 coach Kate, was fairly quiet during their coaching session and when she did offer advice she would sometimes put it with a shot that didn’t necessarily match the comment, confusing the girls. This is a lower ranked team and the girls are still at quite a cognitive stage of developing their tennis skills, this means it is vital that they receive a lot of feedback and encouragement to persist with the sport. By not offering this Kate may be hindering their development. She did however put forward the following points to the girls.  "Good shot"  "Move your feet"  "Keep your eye on the ball"  "Swing slower" Although Kate is offering advice to her players in order for them to improve their skills she needs to be more specific so they can understand their mistakes and correct them.

Dying a noble Death Essay

â€Å"Dying a noble death† Introduction            Death is inevitable and everyone must be ready to face death. The author of, â€Å"If we must die† makes use of different literary devices to describe death and to encourage people to be brave and not to fear death. People should not just die like hogs or dogs although human beings are far outnumbered by death, they must remain brave to face death when it comes. Death does not have shame, it gets whoever it wants and at the time it best things is right. Death is a coward since it cannot come to people when they know or when they expect. Analysis of the Poem            The poem by Mr. Claude McKay, â€Å"If we must die†, written to urge the black people to fight for their freedom against the oppressions of the whites, portrays different literary devices used to bring out the message of the poem to the reader (Charters, and Samuel, 896). The various devices used in the poem include allegory, rhyme, metaphor which involves animal imagery, as observed in various likes through the use of different words such as â€Å"hogs,† in line 1 and other words such as â€Å"hunted, † â€Å"penned,† which are found in line 2 (Charters, and Samuel, 896). Furthermore, the author uses words such as â€Å"mad and hungry dogs,† and â€Å"bark† found in line 3 of the poem, â€Å"monsters,† in line 7 and the word â€Å"cowardly pack† in line 13 to show animal imagery for the reader (Charters, and Samuel, 896).            The use of hyperbole is observed when the author writes the words, â€Å"If we must die, let it not be like hogs† found in line 1 of the poem as well as, â€Å"and for their thousand blows deal one death-blow† in line 11 (Charters, and Samuel, 896). Furthermore, the author of the poem has used onomatopoeia which is observed through the word â€Å"bark† (Charters, and Samuel, 896). To make the reader more intrigued and part of the poem, the author poses a question that is rhetorical which is found in line 12 where he says â€Å"What though before us lies the open grave?†            The use of this question is intended to act as a reminder to the reader that death is inevitable and everyone will face death at one point in life and what do human beings face to lose when they die? The author of this poem uses most of these literary devices as a way of creating a sense of urgency so that the reader is always ready and aware of the happenings in life and about death (Charters, and Samuel, 896). The author has also written the poem using 14 lines in addition to the rhyme scheme which has been used of ababcdcdefefgg hence making it a Shakespeare sonnet (Charters, and Samuel, 896). The other literary device the author has used is repetition which is seen through words such as â€Å"If we must die† which has been repeated in the poem two times in line 1 and line 5. Conclusion            Every human being is bound to face death when their time comes. This does not mean that people should not be ready and do their best to fight against injustice and oppression which leads to the death of human beings. By using the different literary devices, the author of the poem encourages people to be brave against death and should not fear when they are faced with circumstances. References Charters, Ann, and Samuel B. Charters. Literature and Its Writers: A Compact Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martins, 2010. Print. pp.896, Source document

Cell Theory A Core Principle of Biology

Cell Theory is one of the basic principles of biology. Credit for the formulation of this theory is given to German scientists Theodor Schwann (1810–1822), Matthias Schleiden (1804–1881), and Rudolph Virchow (1821–1902). The Cell Theory states: All living organisms are composed of cells. They may be unicellular or multicellular.The cell is the basic unit of life.Cells arise from pre-existing cells. (They are not derived from spontaneous generation.) The modern version of the Cell Theory includes the ideas that: Energy flow occurs within cells.Heredity information (DNA) is passed on from cell to cell.All cells have the same basic chemical composition. In addition to the cell theory, the gene theory, evolution, homeostasis, and the laws of thermodynamics form the basic principles that are the foundation for the study of life. What Are Cells? Cells are the simplest unit of matter that is living. The two primary kinds of cells are eukaryotic cells, which have a true  nucleus containing DNA and prokaryotic cells, which have no true nucleus. In prokaryotic cells, the DNA is coiled up in a region called the nucleoid. Cell Basics All living organisms in the kingdoms of life are composed of and depend on cells to function normally. Not all cells, however, are alike. There are two primary types of cells: eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Examples of eukaryotic cells include animal cells,  plant cells,  and fungal cells. Prokaryotic cells include bacteria and archaeans. Cells contain organelles, or tiny cellular structures, that carry out specific functions necessary for normal cellular operation. Cells also contain DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid), the genetic information necessary for directing cellular activities. Cell Reproduction Ed Reschke/Getty Images Eukaryotic cells grow and reproduce through a complex sequence of events called the cell cycle. At the end of the cycle, cells will divide either through the processes of mitosis or meiosis. Somatic cells replicate through mitosis and sex cells reproduce via meiosis. Prokaryotic cells reproduce commonly through a type of asexual reproduction called binary fission. Higher organisms are also capable of asexual reproduction. Plants, algae, and fungi reproduce through the formation of reproductive cells called spores. Animal organisms can reproduce asexually through processes such as budding, fragmentation, regeneration, and parthenogenesis. Cell Processes: Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis Garry DeLong/Getty Images Cells perform a number of important processes that are necessary for the survival of an organism. Cells undergo the complex process of cellular respiration in order to obtain energy stored in the nutrients consumed. Photosynthetic organisms including plants, algae, and cyanobacteria are capable of photosynthesis. In photosynthesis, light energy from the sun is converted to glucose. Glucose is the energy source used by photosynthetic organisms and other organisms that consume photosynthetic organisms. Cell Processes: Endocytosis and Exocytosis Frank Fox/Getty Images Cells also perform the active transport processes of endocytosis and exocytosis. Endocytosis is the process of internalizing and digesting substances, such as seen with macrophages and bacteria. The digested substances are expelled through exocytosis. These processes also allow for molecule transportation between cells. Cell Processes: Cell Migration Ed Reschke/Getty Images Cell migration is a process that is vital for the development of tissues and organs. Cell movement is also required for mitosis and cytokinesis to occur. Cell migration is made possible by interactions between motor enzymes and cytoskeleton microtubules. Cell Processes: DNA Replication and Protein Synthesis The cell process of DNA replication is an important function that is needed for several processes including chromosome synthesis and cell division to occur. DNA transcription and RNA translation make the process of protein synthesis possible.